By Patrick Igwe
African countries’ naval strength often gets less attention than their land and air forces, but the continent’s navies and maritime power are quietly expanding.
With thousands of kilometres of coastline and critical sea routes that drive global trade, African nations have steadily built naval fleets to protect their borders, safeguard resources, and combat piracy.
From the Mediterranean to the Gulf of Guinea, these naval forces are shaping the future of Africa’s maritime security and economic stability.
Modern African navies are no longer just about defence. They are engines of diplomacy, trade protection, and humanitarian support. They patrol territorial waters, escort cargo vessels, and participate in multinational exercises that promote peace and cooperation.
According to Global Firepower’s 2025 naval data, several African countries now possess robust fleets equipped with submarines, offshore patrol vessels, and surveillance systems designed for both combat and rescue missions.
Here are the top five African countries with the most powerful navies.
Egypt
Egypt stands as Africa’s undisputed naval powerhouse, boasting a fleet of 140 vessels and a personnel strength of over 32,000. Its navy includes eight submarines and 42 offshore patrol vessels, making it one of the most advanced maritime forces in the developing world. Strategically positioned along the Mediterranean and Red Sea, Egypt’s navy safeguards vital trade routes, including the Suez Canal, and plays a crucial role in regional defence and international peacekeeping operations.
Algeria
With 213 naval assets and a well-trained force of 6,000 personnel, Algeria commands one of the continent’s most versatile fleets. Its six submarines and 75 offshore patrol vessels give it dominance across North Africa’s coastal waters. Algeria’s navy focuses heavily on anti-piracy, border patrol, and regional cooperation in the Mediterranean. The country’s investments in new naval technology reflect its long-term strategy of maritime self-reliance and deterrence.
Nigeria
Nigeria ranks as West Africa’s naval leader, maintaining 133 vessels and over 5,000 personnel. With 109 offshore patrol vessels, the Nigerian Navy plays a critical role in tackling piracy and oil theft in the Gulf of Guinea, one of the world’s most volatile maritime regions. Nigeria has made major strides in expanding its fleet and upgrading its coastal surveillance systems, reinforcing its status as a regional security hub and guardian of Africa’s busiest shipping routes.
South Africa
South Africa rounds out the top five with 47 naval assets, nearly 8,000 personnel, and three submarines. Its modern fleet patrols both the Atlantic and Indian Ocean coasts, giving it unmatched reach on the continent’s southern tip. The South African Navy is deeply involved in peacekeeping missions, search and rescue operations, and maritime training collaborations with other African states. Its blend of advanced technology and professional discipline makes it one of the most respected naval forces in Africa.
Ethiopia
Though landlocked since the early 1990s, Ethiopia has re-emerged as a player in maritime security through strategic partnerships and plans to rebuild its naval presence. The country has invested in maritime training programs and established defence agreements with neighbouring coastal nations like Djibouti to ensure access to the Red Sea. Ethiopia’s revived naval ambition, backed by a growing defence budget and strong regional diplomacy, signals its determination to protect its economic interests and participate in the security of the Horn of Africa.
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